Citation formats have an impact on the way that your references appear in the text and in the literature. Journals and publishers often require that a document is written in a specific citation format. Some disciplines outline their own formats of how to cite sources and format research papers. Ask your supervisor if that is the case for your study.
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Some of the most used citation formats in English include APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers), Harvard, and Vancouver.
All citation formats consist of two parts. An in-text citation, which gives enough information for the reader to find the reference in the second part, the reference list at the end of the document.
Referencing formats fall into three main groups:
1. Author-year
2. Consecutive numbering
3. Recurrent numbering
See also: https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/reference-management/referencing-styles
Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are special strings of alphanumerical characters that form a persistent link to individual publications. A DOI is used to uniquely identify academic, professional, and government information, such as journal articles, research reports and data sets. DOIs are widely used, resolvable, and remain fixed as opposed to URLs.
Some citation styles require that you include DOIs for publications where they have been assigned.
Example of a DOI:
doi.org/10.1108/JD-03-2018-0047
The Nuts and Bolts of College Writing by 
